As the mobile subscriber base in India rapidly grows, so does the need for expanded service. Already home to 400,000 mobile towers, the country expects to build 200,000 more over the next two to four years in order to meet demand.
However, the majority of new mobile subscribers in India live in rural areas with limited or no access to electricity – meaning that in order to power many of these mobile towers, service providers need to search for solutions off the national grid.
“Right now, off-grid towers are powered by diesel fuel,” said Kanishka Bhattacharya, an associate consultant in Dalberg’s Mumbai office. “The problem is that diesel is expensive and prices are rising. It’s also a dirty fuel – it releases high volumes of carbon dioxide, which implies assorted negative effects with respect to health and the environment.”According to Kanishka, India has the second largest mobile phone market in the world, and the mobile towers that power the market use 2.5 billion liters of diesel fuel each year. Not only is this fuel expensive, but unaccounted costs such as pilferage of fuel or electricity and transportation can add up to nearly half its price. Moreover, with each liter producing 2.6 kilograms of carbon dioxide, India’s mobile towers are responsible for the release of nearly six million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Kanishka is part of a Dalberg team currently assisting the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) in exploring ways for India and other growing countries to use alternative energy sources in mobile towers as a way to reduce this footprint. While part of this research is dedicated to investigating energy solutions, the main objective is to meet the needs of the various stakeholders to facilitate an accelerated adoption of the new technologies.
“The outcome we’re working toward is to effectively coordinate the large number of decision-making groups invested in Green Towers – governments, MNOs, tower companies, investors, energy service companies,” Kanishka said. “Getting all stakeholders to convene in one room with a common agenda, and with the overarching objective of green towers, will be a strong outcome.”The Dalberg team will present an initial report of its findings later this month, with the ultimate goal of offering a solution and plan that will improve the environmental impact and sustainability of mobile towers for all involved.
“By defining a clear set of recommendations and a path forward, the overall impact we’re seeking to achieve is the adoption of renewable energy in all off grid sites over the next five years, as well as a substantial reduction in diesel usage and thereby a reduction in sector emissions,” Kanishka said.










